Rabiya Noor

Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful chemical technique widely used to separate, identify, and quantify volatile compounds in a mixture. Understand the intricate aroma of a freshly brewed cup of coffee. It’s not just “coffee it’s a symphony of volatile compounds, each contributing its unique note. How do we pull apart these invisible players and … Read more

Serial dilution is a widely used laboratory technique in microbiology, chemistry, and biology for reducing the concentration of a solution or suspension in a stepwise manner. This technique is essential for accurately analyzing and quantifying microorganisms, chemical substances, or other particles in a sample. This article will explore the principles, methods, and practical applications of … Read more

Column chromatography is a prevalent method utilized in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry for the separation and purification of distinct substances from a mixture. The technique is based on the principle of varying adsorption, where the components of the mixture interact differently with a stationary phase (usually a solid adsorbent) and a mobile phase … Read more

What are the principles of Thin-layer Chromatography [TLC]? Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is an extensively employed analytical technique designed to separate and identify various components within a mixture. It bears a resemblance to paper chromatography; however, TLC utilizes a thin layer of adsorbent substances, like silica gel or alumina, applied to a plate made from glass, … Read more

Chromatography is a multifaceted technique employed to separate and examine mixtures and their components. Below are various types of chromatography, each possessing distinct applications and underlying principles: It works by distributing the components of a mixture between two phases: a stationary phase (which stays in place) and a mobile phase (which moves through or across … Read more

Separating Pigments: Lab Experiment Have you ever wondered how plants get their vibrant colors or what makes a flower petal so strikingly beautiful? The answer lies in pigments, natural compounds that absorb and reflect light. With a simple and engaging lab experiment called chalk chromatography, you can uncover the hidden colors within plant leaves, flowers, … Read more

Paper chromatography is a simple yet powerful technique used for the separation of a mixture of substances. Whether paper chromatography is used in a chemistry lab, forensic investigations, or the food industry, this method plays a crucial role in analyzing components in a mixture. In this article, we’ll explore the principles of paper chromatography, its … Read more

Choosing a strong Chemistry IA topic is crucial for maximizing your score. Your Chemistry IA topics should be focused, measurable, and rooted in clear scientific principles. Here’s everything you need to get started. If you’re searching for an engaging IB Chemistry IA topics, choosing a relevant and original idea is crucial for a high-scoring investigation. Below is a list … Read more

pH indicator works within a specific pH range, changing color at different acidity or alkalinity levels. For instance, litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline ones, while phenolphthalein remains colorless in acidic conditions but turns pink in basic environments. Universal indicators provide a more detailed pH measurement by displaying a spectrum … Read more

Food adulteration is a serious issue that affects public health and food security. By understanding its risks and learning how to detect unsafe food, consumers can protect themselves and their families. Governments and food regulatory authorities must enforce strict laws to prevent adulteration and ensure the availability of safe, nutritious food for everyone. Food adulteration … Read more